Refrigerating machine.



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(i, P. CARROLL- REFRIGERATINGMACHINE. APPLICAUON HLED JAN. la, 1915:

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mutfd Fel). 20, 1917.'

G. P. CARROLL. REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION H LED IANI I8', 1915.

1 ,2 7,08 4; Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

: 11?: A." @www/Lto@ Ilmg fa@ G. P. CARROLL.

HEFRIGERATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED IAN. Is, I9I5.

1,217,084. I lamented Feb. 2o, 1917.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

G. P. CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE. APPUCATION HLED MN. 1s. |915.

Patented Feb.` 20, 1917.

11o SHEETS-SHEET 5.

G. P. CMHOLL REFHGERATNG MACHINE. APPLJCAHON FILED JAN. las, 1915.

lnautd Feb. 20, 1917.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

G. P.- CARROLL. REFRJGERATING MACHINE. APPLICATION man 1AN.18.1915.

l ,2l 7,084. Patented Feb. 20, '1917.

i0 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

- yi 'i 139 l". :its l 4 @Www/eww): 5mm nto/a G. P. CARROLL.

HEFRIGEHATING MACHINEl APPLICATION mw JAN. 15, i915.

Patented Feb. 2U, 1917 10 SHEETSTSHEET 3. J7/w @MMM Qu l ma/Zi M G. P. CARROLL. HEFRJGERATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. I8, ISIS.

l ,21 7,084. Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

G. P. CARROLL. IEFRIGRATNG MACHINE. APPLxcATmN min MN. 1a, m5.

Patented Een.A 20, 1917.

r .GEORGE P. cAnnoL'L, or nan'rronn, CONNECTICUT.

BEERI ifa i ri ne iirAcHINn.

Spccicatin of Letters Patent.v

Patented Feb. 2o, 191?.

Application filed January 18, 1915v Serial No. 2.865.

. To all whom it may confiera.'

lle. it known that l. (leonor: citizen of Vthe ll'nited States. residing at llartfordain the County of llartford and State of Connecticut. have invented a new and useful liefrigerating-Machine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in lilti'ifg'ii'iiting;` machines of the absorption type and is intended to so iniprove such machines that they will beautomatic. safe and econonieal of operation, both of the heating agent for the still and of the cooling water for the still and the condenser, especially when of small caparit' and when used i'n connection with domestic refrigerators, soda ater fountains and similar structures where refrigeration. with or without ice making,l is desired and the attendance of au engineer is4 impriu-ticable. rl`he means employed for accomplishing these purposes are disclosed in the accompanying drawings and in the deseription relatingthereto. There. are certain detailimprovements in mms-truetion that will also so appear.

As in all such apparatus of the absorption type, the machine is constructed to contain and use one substance as a refrigerant and another substance as the absorbent of the refrigerant. lhile other materials may be employed, I prefer to use ammonia as the.

refrigerant and water as the absorbenti and. as these substances arc most eommonly used iii-absorption systen'is. they will be referred to in the description as typical of all. lllliile. as herein shown` gas is employed as the heating agent. it is to be understood that the still may be heated b v any other suitable iiiea"ns. as by an eleetric heater. as illustrated in the patent to me. No. 978.557. dated Uec. 13, 1910. The size of the machine. as shown in the drawings. is unich exaggerated in pro- 'portion to the size of the compartment to be refrigerated, commonly called the refrig' erator ln the following itei'ns. aniongothers, this application is a continuation of certain matters disclosed in. and has the 'same filing date as; my like entitled applieation Ser.'

No. 424.517. Iiled .l'piu l. 190s: first, means for utilizing temperature and pressure oonditions in the place to be refrigerated and in the conduit 'for the riiziilation of.` the i'efrigerant to roiitrol 'the heating ofthe still and the cooling of the rondcnser and oftlie still and to mam-tain a predeti'rniined tempera- P. CARROLL, a Y

evaporator and to expel it into the condenser (or, more narroi'tly speaking, by the pressure in the still) to permit a flow of cooling water to the condenser when such pressure ,exceeds a predetermined limit (there being a valve controlling a cooling water passage of the condenser and means operating in case of such excess pressure to open the valve and to keep it open to an extent corresponding to the variations of such, pressure when above such limit) fourth, means antoniatically operative atintervals to make inoperative the mechanism regulating vthe flow of refrigerant from' the condenser into the .evaporator, its expansion within the evaporator aml its absorption in the still and to `heat the still. means termini'iting the. heating of the still when the absorbent and the absorbed refrigerant therewith have been re duced to a preiletermined weakness, and means thereafter (upon the cooling down. of the still to a predetermined limit) permitw ting. said mechanism to operate; fifth. the inclusion ofy a (double pipe) dehydrator between the condenser casing and the outlet engl of the main part of the apparatus op-` erative to draw expanded refrigerai'it from the evaporator and to expel it through the outlet end. the. gas conduit ofthe dehydrator leading upward fora distance and then de- .se-ending into the casing and the easing hai-- v ing a ,cooling water passage (with the inlet below'tlieoutlet) in series with the inner or cheek valve interposed in the dehydrator above its ,section containing-.tie linner pipe) g sixth. means automatically'operative at intervals to open the feed valve at theinlet `end of the evaporator and the water valve controlling the eoolingwater passage of the means automatieallyoperative for heating ,at intervals the still to a predetermined wat'er conduitof the dehydrator (with af andI limit while the 4valvesl'afierclosed; and seventh, a thermostat 'rati a. :low .temperature "dimit controlled by the-temperature about valve at the inlet endl-ofthe` ei;,porator, means permitting a flow. ofcoolin'g Water to the still in its absorption periodfand means operative for heating vat"..intervals thestill In the following items,'amongothersthis application is a continuation 'of certain matters disclosed* in, and Vhasthe--fsaine tiling date as, my like entitled 'applicatioIigg-.Sen No. 595,453, filed Dec. 3, .191iQ-L .irst, .means-re -spons'ive to a chang'ei'n'-coii'ditions in the still for automaticalll discontinuing. the heating of the still an' .means 'res onsive'to a change in conditi'ms in-xtheff'st'il forjautostill; second, means automatically termisorbent therein hasgbeen reduced to Aa -prevdetermir'ied'state of weaknessfandnieans automatically terminatingv the- `cooli-iigof. the still when the absorbentthereiin.lias'reached a.`jpredetei1nined state 4of'..satui'fati'on';' .t'hird,

' means automatically opel-at' 'e. to startthe heating of the still afterltliejstfate. of. satura; .tion indicated in said second.fiteni'l`ia'sbeen. reached; fourth; means responsive to=` a change in conditions; injthecircuit consist-ing4 f the still, the condenser andthe'evaporat'or to control the meansf'for heating thelstilland 'ineans responsive tofaffchangeinfconditions =1in said circuit for con'trtjil-lji'ng thefineansfor cooling the still; ffth,l mechani.sn 1. adapted to 'egal-ate the .expansion ofi-"refrigerant from the -'condenser -of the vcuit 4discated in L said .fourth item intoithefevapb itor 'SQ in- "d'ic'ated and the absorption .of such reffrigerant into thev still s.l indicated; sixth,

"sure-conditions in th' conduit for vthe circulation of refrigera t.. t o control -the I.the-"1"@Onfleiiser. 'and ofthe-@H1113 seventh,

p 1ne ansa.for utilizing temperature" and i pres- -surecontlitions inthe cond for the cirv-ctllation of refrigerant't'e ol the' heat-A ing-'ofthe still'and Vthecooll if of th-cori-I .aeaserana -Qf the sanfte. Ese the feta --va-lvc at vthe inlet enjd-of-f'tlie evaporator :sinniltaiifeously with such heating and to 1- per" iitfoif: it thereafter' beii'igppen veighth,- .the-.sanieas the first fitein fi`e l inthe "last'preceding p'aragraplij-;" l1, .the .saine as the' .fourth y item speciedlin the'. l ast p recedthe evaporator and,V "controlling vthe Ifeed matically discontinuing- ,the'cooling 1- of -the nating theheating of thestill when the ab' ving' the valve in the intervals between such n'ieans for ut'iliaingv temperature' and pres#- heapaig of the Sau anda-thetooling. .of

vsimultaneously with such heating and to 'no' of lthe heating' the-still until cer-l frigerant into the still and preventing a flow of cooling water to the still until after --the' termination of the heating of the still; twelfth, a safety device operating to stop the lstill and refrigerant regulative -means temperature t ,ntrolled in the period between the l"operations of the 'dominating means and 'then .operative to regulate the flow of re-A fiigerantI from the condenserinto the evaporator'and its absorption in the. still so as to' maintain a predetermined temperature in the place to be refrigerated, the dominat-- ing means during such heating also causiiig the regulative means to be inoperative.

In the following items, among others, this application is a continuation of certain mat! ters disclosedin, and has the'same filing l date as, my like entitled application Ser.

' No. 748,589, filed Feb. 1,5, 1913: first toeiglith inclusive, the same as the first eight items specified 1n the last precedingpara- ,90 graph; ninth, means for utilizing tempera-v vture and pressure conditions inthe conduit Afor the circulation of-refrigerantto control the heating of the still and the cooling of the condenser and of the still, to close a feed valve at the inlet end of the evaporator simultaneously with such heating' and to permit of it thereafter being open and a thermostat controlled. by they temperature in the place to be refrigerated'ainl regulan,

beatings; tenth` means for utilizing teniperature and pressure conditions in the still to control the heating of the still and they cooling of the condenser and of the still; 105 eleventh, means for utilizing temperature and pressureconditions in tho still to control the heating ofthe still andthe cooling of the condenser and of the still, to close a feed valve atithe inlet end of the evaporator 'simultaneously 4with such heating and 'to permit of it v`thereafter being open; twelfth,

the same as the second item speciliedin the second preceding paragraph; thirteentln means for ut-ihzing temperature and pressure conditions in the still tov -control the .heating ofthe still and the cooling of the condenser .and of the still, to .close a feed valve at the inlet end of the evaporator permit of Ait thereafter. being open and. a thermostat controlled by thev temperature `in the place to be refrigerated and regula-ting. the valve in the intervals between such heatings; fourteenth, the samegas'the third item specified in the second preceding paragraph, except thatthe means regulating the flow of cooling Water. to the condenser do not graduate such flow during thc continuance of the flow; fifteenth, the same as the fourth 130 v date as, my

itemspecilied in the second preceding graph; sixteenth, the same as the tenth item specified in the last preceding paragraph; seventeenth, means preventing the starting of the heating of the still until the feed valveat the inlet end of the evaporator is closed and until a flowof cooling water to the still is prevented; eighteenth, the same as the eleventh item specified in the last preceding paragraph; nineteenth, means preventing the opening of the feed valve indicatedin said seventeenth item and a flow of co'oling Water to the still until ,after the :termination of the heating of "the still; twentieth, the saine as the fifth item specified in the second preceding paragraph, except as to the location ofthe check valve; twentyrst, the Same as the sixth item specified in the second preceding paragraph; twenty-- second, the same as the seventh item specified in the/second preceding paragraph; twenty'- third, the same as the twelfth item specified `in the last preceding paragraph; twentyfourth, means for cooling the absorbent in the stillin its absorption period to a prede- /termining limit, means terminating the absorption period when the pressure of absorbed refrigerant rises to a predetermined limit and means thereafter operative toheat the still: twenty-fifth, means for regulating tl e iouif-.of Vrefrigerant from ythe condenser intpmthe evaporator', its expansion Within the evaporator and its absorption in the still, means terminating the absorption period when the pressure of absorbed refrigerant in the still rises to a predetermined limit and means thereafter operative to heat the still to a predetermined limit and subsequently to start the operation of the regulatin means; twenty-sixth, the same as. the thirteenth. item specified in the last preceding paragraph; and twentyseventh-,anochenism cont-rolled by the temperature in the still in its absorption period and permitting in such. period a. flow of Water through the cooling water passage of the still (sucicnt to nimtain a predetermined coolness in the still y l i In the following items, among others, this application is acontinuation of certain matters disclosed` in, and has the; same filing like entitled application Ser. No1 794,583, filed Oct. 1l, 1913:',iirst, the same' as the third item specified in the third preceding paragraph; second, the same as the tenth item specified in the second pref ceding ",paragraph; third,'the same as the seventeenth item specified vin the last pre ceding paragraph; fourth, the same as the eleventh item specified in the second r eceding paragraph; fifth, the same as the nineteenth. item specified in the last preceding paragraph; sixth. the sumada-the tiren tietli item specified in the. last preceding *un ra 1h' and seventh the same -asi the P` g l a a twelfth item specified in the second preceding paragraph.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of my invention, with,'however, certain parts shown in vertical section or broken away, exhibited in connection with an Ordinar)T refrigerator from which the front has been removed. Fig. 2 is a right end elevation of the structure of the preceding figure. Fig. 3 is a partial left end elevation of the structure of Fig. 1 and a partial vertical section thereof through the line 3-3, looking toward the right. Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial right end elevation and partial vertical section of certain controlling mechanism shown in the preceding figures, with, however, some parts broken away, as seen through the lines 4-4 of Figs. 5 and 10, looking toward the lift, and through the4 line 4f-4 of Fig. 6, looking upward. Fig. 5 is a partial front elevation of the structure of Fig. 4 and a partial vertical section thereof, the line of Fig. .41, looking toward the right. Fig. Gis a partial plan View of the same controlling mechanism and a partial horizontal section thereof through the line 6-G of Fig. 4, looking downward. F ig. 7 is an enlarged vertical section of a check valve structure, with certain parts in elevation. Fig. Sis a right end elevation of a part of the structure of the preceding figure. a cover and certain ,other parts being removed. Fig. 9 is 'a partial View from. beneath of thesame controlling mechanism and a partial horizontal section. thereof, through the line, 9-9 of Fig. 4, looking upward. Fig. 10 is a partial front elevation of the same controlling mechanism and a partial vertical section thereof through the line 10ml() of Fig. 6, looking toward `the right. Fig. l1 is an enlarged partial vertical section and partial right end elevation of tivo valve structures controlling the supply of cooling water to the still. Fig. l2 is a plan view of the structure of the preceding figure. Fig. 13 is an enlarged par.- tial vertical section and partial front elevation of an expansionvalve structure. Fig. 14 is a rightend elevationof the same structure with a 'cap removed.l Fig. 15 isa left end elevation of that part of the same struc-` turc that contains the fiuidpassages. Fig; 1U is an cnlargedpartial plan view andpartial horizontal section of a high pressure safety deviceand Vits connected parts. Fig. i7 isa partial right -end `elevation and a partial vertical section of the structure of the preceding ligure through the line 17-17 thereof, looking upward.. {Fig 18 is a rear elevation of part .of the same structure. Fig. ll) an enlarged vertical section of an anti-friction roller device.

as seen through i?. flanged cover casing l is secured to the Y flanged 'part 1"8 of a valve casing, having and extending through vits heads, are fivea horizontal passage through its stem part 2. .From the left termination 'of the stem part 2 a gas pipe 3 leads horizontally through the upper part of the left head of a horizontal, cylindrical condenser tank 4. From the lowest part of the right head of the tank l a small pipe 5 leads downward .into the inlet end trof a. fluid passage casing containing a two-surface valve seat piece 7, asshown in Fig. 13. A diaphragm 8 closes the let't end of .this casing. From the underside of the tank 4 a small pipe 9 leads through a cover casinglO. A diaphragm 41l closes the right side of this casinfr. alla the other dia'p-hragms with which'the ammonia lcomes in contact, of very thin vanadium steel, A purge valve 12 and a condenser gage 1,3 severally connect with ,the-tank 4 through its Aright head. Grouped in the lower half of the tank 4 horizontal, parallel pipes, with their ends connected in series by return bends, so as to form a waterconduit 14, leading from the lower back part of the right end of the tank and emerging from the back` central part of its left end. A pipe 15, provided with a hand valve 16, leads from a source of cooling water and has one branch leading into the inlet end of the conduit 14 and another branch leading downward. The

parts 1 to 14 inclusive constitute one form of condenser. same as that exhibited in these parts and in the parts to 39 inclusive. to be described, is setk forth and claimed in my applicationl Ser. No. 799,094, filed Nov. 4, 1913, entitled Condenser.

Bands' 17 secure the tank 4 to the top of refrigerator 18, containing a brine tank 19 in its upper part.v From the outlet end 20 of the casing containing the piece 7 and closed on the right side by av cap 21a pipe 22 enters the right upper part 'of the refrigerator' 18, coils downward in'the space above the tank 1'9 and vthen in the tank, so

as to form a descending coil, and, .emerging through: the right side walls of the tank.

and of the refrigerator,f,leads horizontally into the flanged part 23 of a valve casing,

. having a vertical passage through its stem part, 25. A flanged .cover casing 24 is secured to the flanged part 23. The parts 2(1to 23 inclusive constitute one form of evaporator.

From the. lower termination of the stem part 25, a pipe 26 leads downward through .the head.27 of a rel'tical tank 28 and 4terminates in a flaring end near the bottom wall of the tank. Projecting upward from an open v ing through the head 27, toward its right edge, is a stoutvertii-:al pipe 29, closed at the top by the base of an anglehcad 30. Open at the topnnd closed at its lower end, a pipe The diaphragme 8 and 11, and also are liireferablyv A construction essentially the' 31 passes through the "base of thehead'30, extends downward into the tank 28 substantially as far as the lower termination of the pipe 26 and in its upper part is within ,casing 33, in a line substantially-in the same plane as the top of the refrigerator 18. A still gage 34 connects .with the upper.

side 'of the casing 33. From'the upwardly inclined left end ofthe casing 33, a pipe 35., much larger than the pipe 32, inclines up.l ward' and enters the inclined lower end of an angle casing 36. From the upper side of the casing '36 a short gaspipe 37 leads upward into the flanged part 38.. A pipe 39 leads from the outlet end of the conduit 14, passes longitudinally through' the casing 36, the pipe 35'and the casing 33, so as tobe axially coincident therewith, but spaced away from the sidewalls thereof, emerges through the lower endwall of the casing 33, -passesdownward and terminates in an upward branch. and a horizontal branch. Thus there is a free passage for gas from the tank 28 through the annular .space between the pipes 31 and 29, through the pipe 32, through the annular space between the pipe 39 and the parts 33, 35 and 36, and through the pipe 37 into the flanged part 38.

From an opening throng the head 27, a pressure transmitting pi e 4() 'leads up.-

vward and then horizontally into .a'pressure box 41. A diaphragm 42 closes an opening in the top of the box 40; a diaphragm 43. closes an .opening in its left side; a. diaphragm 44 closes an opening in its front; and a diaphragm 45 closes an opening in its back. A thermometer 46 has 'a stem ex'- tending through the head 27 far down into the tank 28. 'A purge valve 47 connects with the tank 28through an opening in. the head 27. A stouttube 48, closed at its lower end, being part of a safety device to 'be described, extends through the head 27 into the tank 28. A water pipe 49-enters the left wall of the tank 28 near its lower end, coils upward therein for about half of its -height and passes upward and out through t e head The parts 24 to 49- inclusive constitute one form 4of still.

The'left end of the head 27 is secured to the side of the refrigerator 18 and its. right, edge is supported bya stout rod 50, rest-A in on a base 51, also secured to the refrigerator. As shown-in Fig. 17, a collar 52 is screwed around the threaded top of the 4tank 28; the head 27 has a groovecontaining a lead gasket, fitting over and around the top edge of the tank; and then the head and thecollar'are bolted together in the usual vmanner so as to compress the IlS gasket, From the lower edge ofthe collar 52, a heat retaining cylinder 5B extends downward to a short distance above, the base 51, being spaced away a little from the tank 28. A flue 54 is shown as extending upward from an opening at the top of the cylinder 53. But in a small machine it is better to omit the flue 54y and to pro-' vide a plurality of openings around the top of. the cylinder 58. Upon the base 51 and underthe tank 28, are a pilot burner 55 and a main burner 56, constituting one form of Ineansforheating thestill at intervals.

Considering Figs. 7 and 8, an annular valveseat piece 5T, slightly flanged at its left end and having the seat at the right, is positioned in the enlarged right end of the passage through the part 2. A gasket 58, preferably of lead, surrounds the piece 57 next to its flange. A11 externally threaded slotted ring 59 is screwed into the correspondingly threaded right end of the passage through the part 2 until it compresses the gasket 58, thus makin a as tightujoint. Between the flanges oft 'e-gasings'liadS is 'clin'nped the edge of a. diaphragm 60, perforated at its center. vThe means indicated for securing the edge `of a diaphragm between two casings, withan adjacent leadl gasket to make' a tight joint, .as shown here and elsewhere in the drawings, are set forth in the patent issued to me on the application of- Roehrich,

i No. 1,097,595, dated May 19,- 1914. A flanged lci `easing 1, bearsat its left l end against thelcolfcarrier 61 has its flan-ge close tothe lettside of the diaphragm 60; it has a stem, 'xterthreaded at its extreme righ-t en ex# Inall l tending through the perforation of the,4 dia phragm; it has a small passage at its `axial center, extending from end to end; a d it has an annularggroov'e, concentriowith Lthis passage, containinga ring 62, preferabl of tin, adaptedjor seating on the seat. of l-the piece 57. A wedge shaped ring 63, prefer? ably'of lead, surrounds the stern the' tarr-ier 61 to the rgh't lof andclose tothe eiaphragm 60. Outside of the ring, an annular container 64; bears against the ri ht side lofthe diaphragm 60 and the stem of t e carrier 61, so-as tol'entirely inclose the ri g.

i' A collar G5 surrounds thestem of the carrier4 61 to theright of the container 64. A nu't 66 is screwed around the extreme right end of the stem of the carrier 61s() as to press th collar (l5-and the col'itainerl as far as po sible, to .thi left. A headed 'screw 67 'i screwed through a correspondingly threaded opening the slantmg exterior surface orf.

the container 64 so as to press upon land into the slightly plastic mass of the ring G3, witll the effect of making a gas tight joint between the stern of the-carrier 61 and the diaphragm 60 atthe perforation of the latter. .Aspiral spring 68, surrounding the nut 6G and a pro'n jeeting part of' the right inner wall ofthe la-,r 65 and at its right end against the wall of the casing, The parts 60 to 68 inclusive, constitute one form of check valve. The thrust of the spring (58 i's preferably such that the ifalve seats itself upon the piece 57' unless the pressure in the flanged part 38 exceeds the pressure in the 'casing 1 by about two or three pounds. A wire gauze strainer 69, in the left end .of the passage through the stem part 2, preventsfany dirt from being Carried backward to clog the valve. The connection between the left end of the stem part 2 and the righ/t end of the pipe 3 is made by means we l known in the art.

The construction of the parts 57 to 68 is the left sidev of the valve causes it to open.

And when, finally, the pressure of fluid in the flanged art 38 drops so as to b e below that of the4 duidinthe stem part 2 and the casing 1, by about twoor three pounds, the valve `closes. These parts constitute one form of means for preventing a back flow of Vsuch that the pressl'lreoffluid in. the stem` refrigerant'y from the condenser into'the still.

'Similar mechanism within the parts 23, 2t and constitute one form-of means for preventing a back `flow'of refrigerant from the still into the evaporator.

A central casing-)70, especially shown in.

` Figs. '13, 10 and 6, has opposed flanges at opposite ends; it has an axially central opening through the flanges; and ithas two web connections' between the flanges, with sha'ftn openings from front toback through the conneeltions. A carrienrllfisadapted to reciprocate .slightly in the opening .through ng. 70; it has a lcentral vertical slot;

the ca and it las Aat its riht end.' a flange bearing againstl the-,left si A valve 72has a flange adjacent to the right `sideof the diaphra m it hasa'clisk part,

preferaly containing 'a tin ring 7,3, in its right surface; it is adapted, at-l itsaring 73,

for'v closing the left valve seat of the .piece 7; it has a stem extending 4to the right, with three longitudinal ribs on its main part 5 and v'it' is threaded at the right end of. its stem..

The piece 7 has at its 'lefft enda knife edge seat; ithas at its' right end a 'conical seat;

e ofthe diaphragm, 8.

and itl has .a passage between theseats large enough for the ribbed part of the valve 7 2 to greci recate` freely therein. rA spiral valve 72 and the left end of the piece"7 and bears at its left'end against the flange of the valve and atlitsright end against the enjsp'ring 4 surrounds the disk partof thelarged right end-of the piece. The piece-7 'is secured, .in an enlarged part' of the passage between the ends 6 and 20, by a gasket and slotted ring 75, in the same manner as has been described in reference to Fig. 7.v vA conical valveend 76 is screwed around the right end of the valve 72. so as to be adapted to close the conical seat of the .piece 7. The parts are so spaced that, when the ring 73 closes its seat, the valve end 76 is entirely lifted from its seat; and when the valve end closes its seat, the ring is entirely lifted from its seat but When the valve end simply throttles the passage through its seat, ,the ring is more or less lifted from its seat. .The

spring 74 tends to seat the valve end-76 and to unseat the rin 73. Alange 77 is screwed, by means ov a screw projection, into va threaded opening at the left end of the carrier 7.1' and is adjacent to the right side of the diaphragm 11. The casing having the parts 72, 7,3, 74, 75 and 76 properly in placa-s secured to the right flange of the casing 70, containingthe parts 71 and 77 properly in place, so as to clamp the edge of the diaphragm 8; and the casing 10 is secured to the left iange ofJthe casing 70,

so as to clamp the edge of the diaphragm 11.

The parts 72, 7 3 and 76 constitute one vform of feed or Aexpansion valve. area on the left of the Adia hragln 1.1, and subject to the pressure of fluid particles-so that such a valve can Ano longer be closed tight.A But in my construction the ring 73 is the part of. the expansion valve that serves as a stop valve, an as it is positioned in advance of the 4poin Where the liquid ammonia begins to vapori e, it is not subjected tothe peculiar Weari jiistindicated. On the other hand, su'cha Wearing of the valve end 76 .is ofslight con-- sequence, since that' is intended to .serve merely as the throttlingpart of the valve-' as will be presently explained.

A rock shaft 78 has its bearings in the openings through the web connections of the casing and, between ithe connections' carries aninner lever 79, extending dowx1=A Wardv into the `vertical slot of the .carrier 71.

To the projecting front end of the shaft 78 y is secured an outer lever 80,. extendingy toward the left.- A rectangular casing 81 is secured te the right 'side of the refrigerator The exposed uid 4transmitted through the pipe 9, is equal to the area on 'Seats the valve. end 76.

top of the refrigerator; and it contains and, by means of brackets'82, supports the box 41. Below the box 41 and Within the casing 81, is a vertical plate 83, extending from left to fright, as best seen in Figs. 5 and 4, and

supported by brackets. A rock shaft 84 is journal'ed in theplate 83 and in the back Wall of the casing 81. To the rear end of the shaft 84, outside of the casing 81, are secured a lever 85 extending to the left and a. 'shorter lever 86 `extending to the right and forked at its free end. Above the free end of the lever 86 is a bracket 87, secured to the back Wall of the casing 81 and with a vertical guide opening through it. A connecting rod 88 is pivoted at the top to the left end of the lever 80; it has, a. short distance from the top, a squared enlargement with a transverse slot therein; it has, below the enlargement, a longitudinallyT adjustable collar 8 9; it passes through the opening of the bracket 87; and it has at its lovver end an oblong slot. A pin 90 is secured at its ends in openings through the forks of the lever 86 and at its center is Within the oblong slot of the rod 88.4 A spiral spring 91 surrounds the rod 88 .and at opposite ends bears against the upper side of the bracket 87 and the un- 4 der side of the collar 89.

The construction 'of the parts 78\to 91 inclusive is such that, on a counter-clock- Wise turning of the shaft 84 and of the lever 86, the rod 88, in so far as concerns vthe pin .90, is free to remain in its low position,

as shown, or to b e moved upward as far as its slot `will permit; but the spring 91 then tends to move the collar 89' and the rod 88 v18, with its uppersurface in line With the.

upward and to turn clockwise the lever 80,

the shaft 78 andthe lever 79.5?Any such clock-'Wise'turning of the lever 79 moves the 'parts 71, 77 and 1.1 tothe left, so that thev spring 74 moves the valve 72 andthe diaphragm 8 to the leftand more orless unseats thel ring 73 and tothe same degree more or lessseats the valve end 76. Upon a a subsequent' clockwise turning of the shaft A84 and of the lever 86, the pin 90 pulls dovvnl ward the rod 88 and the collar 89; the collar compresses the spring- 91; the rod 8 8 turns counter-clockwisethe lever 80, the shaft 78 and the lever 79. -Such counter-'clockwise turning of the lever 47 9 moves the parts 77,.

71, 72, 73 and l76 to the right, sov that the pressure uponthe diaphragm 11 forces it -to the right and the valve 72 compresses the spring l'74 and seats'tltl ring 73 and unit is; also obvious that upon a counter-clockwise` turning of u ,the shaft 814 and the lever 86, by reason of the oblong slot of the rod 88,`the rod may be s acted upon as to leave the expansionvalve in anintermediate open position, that is Ito say with the ring 73Vand the valve endV '(6A unseated.V l .r

`the refrigerator 18, has at the top a hori 'zontal armA with a pin projecting downward from the end; it has a slot in its part adjacent -to the refrigerator with` a knife edge pivot 98 at the top of the slot; and it has at its lower end a projecting horizontal plate, with an' opening through it rin axial alinei'nent with the pin. A langed member 99 has a stem projecting upward through the Opening in the plate' of the bracket 97 and has its flange adjacent to 'the outside ofthe diaphragm 95.- A knifeedge bearing 100 is secured to the top of the member 99.

van

sV side ofthe da hragm 105.

.l under side of t ecasing 94' so 4as to el mp' A nut 101 and a lock nut 102 arescrewed upon `the threaded stem of the member 99 just above the plate of the bracket 97 and serve to limit the downward movement of the member.` The plate of the bracket 97 and the casing 94 are lbolted together so as to clamp the edge of the diaphragm 95. A lever 103 has at its upper left end atransverse angular groove engaging with the pivot 98;, it has on its under side a transverse angular groove engaging with the bear ing it has on top,.immediately over the last mentioned groove, .a small disk with a pin projecting upward therefrom; and it has its right end within the transverse slot of the rod 88. A spiral spring 104, stronger than the springs 91 and 74:, at the, top bears upon the under yside of the arm of. the bracket 97 and surrounds its pin and at the bottom bears upon the disk of the lever 103 The maximum upand surrounds itspin. turn of the lever 103, and consequently the maximum distending upward 'of the diaphragm 95 and the maximum compression of the spring 104, are determined bythe contact of the right end of the lever with the top of the slot ofthe rod 88. A Jlelief diaphragm105, much larger than the. diahragxn 95, closes the under side of the cas4 ing 101. The diaphragms 95and 105 are preferably of phosphor bronze. A flanged rod 106 has its `flange Vadjacent to the under Bolted tothe the diaphragm 105 and tocontain the flange an internally threaded opening through its under side. A' spiral spring 109, Imuch stronger than thesprin 104, surrounds the rod 106 and bears against the under side of its flange. A cylinder 109, threaded at Vthe top,is screwed linto the opening of, the

casing. 107 it surrounds the rod 106 near its lower end; it bears upon the lower end, of the spring 108; and at the lower end it has a toothed flange. lock n-ut 111 are screwed upon the threaded 109 band serve to limit' the upward move-l` ment of the rod. Journaled in a bracketl 112 bolted to the back of the casing 81, is an adjusting stem 113, having at lts left end a worm enga ing with the teeth of the flange of the cylinder 109 and at its right end a milled head 114, A disk 115 is se cured to the stem 113, to the left of the head 114, so marked as to indicate how much the head is turned forward or back. The parts 92 to 115 inclusive constitute 'one form of refrigerator thermostat. A substantially similar construction is set forth and claimed in the application of Roehrich, assigned to me, Ser. No. 725,180, filed Oct. 11, 1912, entitled Refrigeratorthermostat.

The construction of the parts 92 to 115 inclusive is s'uch that, the space within the parts 92,93, 91, 95 and 105 being filled with the expansive liquid, and with'the cylinder l109 adjusted as will be described, as the temperature in the space about the cylinder 92 tends to rise, the volume of li uid tends to expand and to distend upwar the diaphragm 95,!to force upward the parts 99,

100, 101 and 102, to turn upward the leven 103 andto compress the spring 104; Consequently, if the shaft 84 has been turned counter-clockwise so that the rod 88V and.` its connected parts are free to move as has been described, the springs 91 and l71` "tend to position the expansion valve in its intermediate Vposition with the ring 73 and the valve end 76 both unseated. `Under Such conditions, as4 will be explained, liquid-ammonia is free to expand into the evaporator. The consequent refrigerating effect withinr the refrigerator 18 tends Vto lowe" the temperature in the space about the cylinder 92 g and to decrease the volume of the contained.

liquid. Under Vthese 4conditions the spring 104, in oppositionto thesprings 91 and 74, by its action upon the lever V103 and byr'ftlie action of the lever upon the rod 88, tends to reverse the movement of the movable parts referred to and to close the expansion valve by Vseating the disk 73, with the consequence of decreasing the flow of ammonia through theexpanson valve and of permitting an inc 'easel-of the tempera-ture and volumeofth liquid within the cylinder 92. An e ui- ?,rli rium is thus established with the e ect of the rod '106,is a cover'casing 107with of maintaining afixed temperature, say o-f v W. i

lower end of the rOd 106 below the cylinderi 70 about 37 degrees, 'if the adjustment is such,

within the refrigerator. 18 so longas the d expansion valve remains under the control of the refrigerator thermostat. 'The extent to which the V,valve end 76 may throttle they expansion valve, during the tilrie of? control, is determined by the longitudinal adjustment 'of the valve end upon the valve 72. .Therpart of the easing 7 0 adjacent to the flange of the carrier 71 serves to limit the movement of the carrier, of the diaphragm '8 and of the expansion valve to the left. So that, withd-.a proper adjustment of the valve end 76, the latter may be adjusted so as never to'be entirely seated. It at any time the machine should stand idle, so thatthe rise of temperature in the refrigerator 18 causes van expansion of the liquid within the cylinder 92 more than has been indicated 'as effective thusv to control the expansion valve, .such extra expansion is taken care olf by a downward distending of the diaphragm 105, in opposition to the spring 108. While the diaphragm 105 is thus distended, and

until after the spring 108 has restored the diaphragm to its upward normal position during the operation of the machine, the eX- pansion valve, in so far as the refrigerator thermostat permits, is open. After the parts 92, 93, 94, 9.5 and105 have been filled with the expansive liquid, the tine adjustment of the refrigerator thermostat, to produce the operating effects indicated, is made by turn ing the head 114 more or less to the right or i to the left. 'A turning of thehead 114 to the right turns the .stem 113 to the right, so that its "worm 'turnsrthe ilangeof'the cylinder 109 .to the left. The cylinder 109 is thus turned downward so that the spring 108 and the flexible part of the diaphragm occupy lower positions Aand the Space for the contained liquid'is increased. And a reverse turning of the head 114. decreases the space forthe contained liquid.'

' The upwardbranch at the termination of the pipe 3.9 leads into the underside of a horizontal cylindrical valve casing 116, having an intermediate central hub with a, vertical valve seat atthe back, with an intern ally t, threaded enlargement in front and with an v15' outlet on the under side. As indicated by dotted lines iin Fig.'4,in the casing 116 there are pressure transmitting passages extending between the ends ofthe casing outside of the hub'. A diaphragm 117 closes the back end of the casing 116 and a cap 118 lboltsthe edge of the diaphragm to the casing. A slotted ring- 119 screws into the -threaded enlargement of the'hub of the ras;4

ing 116 'so as to clamp in place a diaphragm 120 closing the front endofthe hub. A cap 121 bolts the edge of a diaphragm`122 so as toclose the front end of the easing 116.'

"it has an axially central opening; and in vfront it has a cylindrical extension externally threadedat the end. A condenser wa- Ater valve 123 is bolted to the center of ther.

diaphragm 117.; it is adaptedto close the seat of the vcasing 116 from .the back; it has one section of its stom, partially Within the hub of the casing, screwed 'to'and extending through the center of the diaphragm 120; it

has another section of its stem secured to and extending through the center of the' diaphragm 122; it has another'section of its stem adapted to reciprocate within and through the opening and the extension of the. cap 1.21; and it h as'a threaded end in front of the cap and extending into the casing 81. A spiral `spring 124 surrounds the stem of the Vvalve 123, 'within the eXtenof the cap 121, and atits back end bears against the main `part of the' cap. A cap 125, with an opening' through its -center, is screwed uponthe: end of theeXtension of the cap 121. A' ring 126 loosely surrounds thestem of the valve l123, has -a flange bean and is adapted to reciprocate within the opening through the cap 25. screwed around the stem ofthe valve'123 in front of the ring 126. The bracket 87 surrounds and supports the extension of the cap 121. Thethrust of ythe spring 124 is regulated by the longitudinal adjustment of the nut 127. The cap 118 limits the maxi- 'mum back movement of the valve 123, when ing upon the front end of the spring '124,'

A nut 127 is it is opened. The spring 124 tends tovclose the valve '123 with a force determined by the adjustment ofthe nut 127. T hediaphragms 117 12() and 122 are preferably of phosphor v bronze. The diameters of theunclamped parts of the diaphragms117r and122'are approximately equal. The diameter of the unclamped part of the diaphragm is a trifle greater thanv the diameter of the spacewithin the valve seat of the vcasing 116. The valve 128 and its connected parts 'are therefore' practically balanced as against the pressure otincoming water. The use of a.

balanced condenser water valve in combina tion with the condenser of a refrigerating machine is set forth inthe patent issued to me on the application of Carroll. and, Roch-- rich, `Noll-,1 15,502, dated Nov. 3, 1914. And a construction substantially similar to the valve 123 and its. connections is set forth. and claimed the application of Roehrich,

assigned to me, Ser. No. 564,580, tiledJune 2, 1910, entitled Condenser water valve.

A very iiexible diaphragm 128 surrounds 'the stem of the valve 123 and closes an opening in thecasin'g S1, being clamped in place by a ring 129 fastened by screws to the 1nside of the casing. A collar 13G is srewed the diaphragm 128 and a fiat headed tip 13].

.ile

aroundthe stem of the valve 123 outside of l' is screwed around the end of the stem,I inside the diaphragm, which is thus 'clamped by the collar and the tip. The longitudinal ad- ]ustment of the collar 130 and of the tip 131 makes a greater or less addition to the lengthof the stem" of 'the valve 123. A. flanged' member 132 has its flange adjacentto the outside of the diaphragm and ha a stem with a fiat .bearing surface at its ou er end. A

f clamp the edge of the diaphragm 45 and to loosely surround the stem of thel member 1.32`

A lever 134, pivoted on the plate 133 just above the stem of the member 132, has an inner projection bearin upon the end of the Smm and all out@ pro' sation at its extreme outer end hearing upon the tip 131. Thus the spring 124 operates to force frontward the parte 12e, 127, 12e, 13o, 131,134, ma 45 and'to close vthe valve 123unless opposed by sufficient presso-ea a@ an, une pon the diaphra 15, vlireferably the thrust of the spring. is such that the valve 123 begins to open at a' pressure a little below 150 pounds and remainsopen sullicientl)7 to, normally permit of a, flow of water in quam tity sufficient to prevent the pressure in the still lfrom exceeding'- 150 pounds during the heating period, as will be explained.

The horizontal branch at the termination of the pipe 39 leads. into the left lside of a vertical upper casing .135, having a Valve scat opening downward from its lower wall. A diaphragm 13d-preferably of phosphor bronze, closes the top of the casing 135. A combined bracket and cover casing 13T is, bolted to the back of the casing 815; has a horizontal cover part', with a. vertical open ing through its cent-.errand it has bolted to it the 'Casing- 135, so as to clamp theedge of the d iapliragrn'ltl." A lower casing 138 is bolted to the under side of the casing 135;

it has a lateral opening nits back side; `it

has an outlet from its left side; and 4it has a cuplike part extending from the casing wall on each sideof and under theV outlet, but elsewhere spaced away from the main part of vthe casing, provided on top with a knife edge valve seat `inl liietliatell? Wider the valve seat of the casing 135. A ca 139 closes the under side of the casing 13 A valve 140 is adapted to close suCocslvely the seats of the casings 138 and 135, beingrespectively the lower and 4the upper seats; it= has one section of its stein extending through the latter seat and the easing 135 and secured to the center of the diaphragm 136; and it has anothersection ofits stem extending upward through the opening of the (fusing 137. A'colla-r and two concentric spiral springs 141 surround the outside part of the stem of the valve 14,0 above the cover part of the easing 137 and above them is a' head 142 secured to the topof the-stem. l l detail construction of' the valve 140, the (follar um. springs 141'a'nd the head 142 is shown too small fornitore particular description, but isso similar to the like .parts shown in thefront valve structure of Fig'. 11 that it is believed that the present construction can best be understood b v what-will besaid in referenceto those-parts. lt will be noted. however, that in Figs. 4 and' l() the head 142' Hat on'Ltop-as is alsovthe case in the rear valve structure of Fig. 11. A, 1

head 112. A waste pipe 145 Vhas a vertical brano-lt lending downward from the outlet of the casing 116 and a horizontal branch lead' ing from the outlet of the casing 13% and lends to any convenient place oi discharge. The construction ofthe partsI 135 to 144 inclusive is such thatI on 'a'clockwise turning of the shaft, 143, tie lever 114 is turned downward so as to depress the head 142 and, in opposition to the collar and springs 111, to unseat the valve 140` from its upper seat andr to seat it on" its lower seat. Water is then free to enter from the pipe 3.3 andto flow outward through the lateral opening of the casing '138. But on a eountersclockwise turning of the shaft, 143, the collar and springs 141 f lr. ont-be head 142 so as to unseat the valve 140 from its lower seat and t0 SQ-ut it on its upper seat. Water can no longo!" enter from the pipe 39, but muy How inward from the lateral opening of the casing 138 and escape through the pipe 145.

' A -valve structure 146 controls the supply of fuel gas tothe burner 56 and husa valve and other internal parts similar to those within the rear valve structure of Fig. 11, to be described, A spiral spring` 147, bear`- ingat its lower end 'upon the top of the structure 146, surrounds a rod 118, which at its lower end, within the structure, serves a-s the stem of the valve therein, and at its upper end bears upon a collar 149, secured to the rod, so as to tend to close the valve. `u unnereasin 150 has afangle bracket extension where iv it is bolted to the back of the using S1, a little below its top; it has a convex part with a' centrally perforated hub on top;4 and, at the back of its convex part, it has a bracket extending upward and terminating in a forked top, with a transverse opening through the forks. A flanged member 151 has a/ stem, extending u through the perforation of the huh of the casing 150, with a collar around the stem Ia. short distance above its flange; in its stem part it is adapted to reciprocate a short distance ywithin the hub of the casing, but is prevented from an excessive upward movexrubber, extends across the under side ofthe convex part of the casina;A 150,' with the flange of ,the member 151 bearing' upon it. A convex 'under easing 153 is bolted tothe Vunder side of the casing 150 so as to clamp the edge of the diaphragm 152. A pipe 154, consisting of an elbow and a vertical pipe length extending from the Velbow upward into the center of the-convex under surface of the casing 153, connects the lateral opening of the casing 138 with the interior of the casing 153. A lever 155 has its fixed pivot in the opening through the forks of the bracket of the casing 150;it has a short arm pivoted at the end lwithin the opening through the forks at the top of the member 1.51; and it has a long arm pivoted at the end to the upper end of the rod 148. r

The construction of the parts 146 to 155 inclusive is such that when, upon the valve 140 opening its upper valve seat and clos ing its lower valve seat, there is a flow of water through the lateral opening of the casing 138, such water through the .pipe 154 and the casing 153 and forces upward the diaphragm 152 and vthe member 151 into the positions shown in Fig. 4. Thereupon the short arm of the lever 155 is liftedand its long arm is depressed so that, by means of the rod 148 and the collar 149 and in opposition to the spring 147, the vvalve within the structure 146 is opened. But when the valve 140 opens its lower valve seat and Closes its upper valve seat, the water beneath the diaphragm 152 flows awayfrom the casing 153 and the pipe 154 and escapes through the outlet ofthe casing 138 and the pipe 145. IThereupon the vspring 147, acting through the collar 149,

the rod 148, the lever 155 and the member 151 forces the diaphragm 152 downward and closes the valve within the structure 146.

An expansion tube 156, shown in Figs. 4 and 9, preferably of copper, is firmly secured at yits top within the top of the pipe 31%; it is closed at its lower end; it extends down within the pipe to a point a little distance above the closed lower end of the latter; and it occupies the space within the pipe sufriciently loosely to permit of its own free eX- pansion under the influence of heat. A nonexpansive rod 157, preferably of porcelain, rests on the closed lower wall of the tube 156 and extends upward nearly to the to of the tube. A short bearing piece 158, est shown in Fig. 5, rests on the top of the rod 157 within the tube 156 and on top has a knife edge bearing. The pipe 31, being preferably, in common with thevessels and conduits containing the ammonia refrigerant, of iron or steel, has the function of pro tectingthe copper of the tube 156. The upper part of the head 3U has a transverse slot with a knife edge bearing 159 in the top of the slot, a short" distance to the right of the bearing of the piece 158. A long lever 160 has, on top, near its right end a transverse angular `grmive engaging with'the bearing 159, so, as to form a fixed pivot, and on the under Iside, another transverse angular groove engaging with theA bearing of the piece 158. A-rod 161 is pivoted to the lever passes upward l 160, nearthe left end of the lever, passes upward through an opening in a bracket 162 secured to the back and under side of the casing 8l and is pivoted on top to the left end of a short lever 163. As Vseen in Fig. 4 there is in the wall of the back lower part of the casing 81 a transverse rentrant angle recess, and the lever 163 is in this recess. The height of the recess is shown in Fig. 5 by the short llines to the left and right of the plate 83 just above the lower brackets whereby it is supported, and the' positions of the upper part of the rod 161 and of the lever 163 are indicated by dotted lines. A rock shaft 164 is journaled in. the plate 83 and in that part of the back wall of the casing 81 that forms the vertical side of the rentrant angle recess. The lever 163 is secured to the back end of the shaft 164. To the front end of the shaft 164, in front of the plate 83, is secured va centrally` pivoted lever 165, with arms extending to the left and right and forked at the end of each arm. A spiral spring 166 surroundsa tubular eX- tension of the bracket 162 and an enlarged part of the rod 161 and bears, on top, against the bracket and, at its lower end, against a collar 167 secured to the rod. The parts 156 to 160inclus'ive constitute one form of still thermostat.

The constructionof the parts 156 to 167 inclusive is such that, when the contents of the tank 28, and incidentally the other parts of the still, are ,being heated, preferably, to 300 degrees F., the tube 156 will beelongated and the rod 157 and the Ipiece 158 will drop farther and farther in the tube. Simultanethrough lthe collar 167 and the rod 161, de-

presses the lever 163 and turns` the shaft 164 counter-clockwise, so as to depress the left arm of the lever 165' and to lift its right arm.

Subsequently, when the heating of the still has terminated and as it cools d own toward atmospheric temperature, the tube 156 contracts and forces upward the left end of the lever 166, the rod 161, the collar 167 and the lever 163, so as to compress the spring 166, to turn the shaft 164 -clockwise, to lift the left arm of the lever andto depress its right arm.

The downward branch of the pipe 15 leads into the back wall of an upper casing 168 of 'a rear valve structure, as best shown in Figs. 3, 11 and 12, having an outlet from its lower .front wall and a horizontal valve seat between the inlet and the outlet. A cap 169- screws into and closes the lower end of the casing 168 and a diaphragm 170 closes its upper end. A valve 171 is adapted to close the` seat of the casing 168 from above; it has an extension underneath with three guide lugs 172 reciprocating through the seat; it has a stem extending upward 

